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Visa has gathered a consortium of financial institutions to design "Electronic Purse," specifications for low-cost purchases at gas stations, convenience stores, grocery stores, fast-food restaurants, and school cafeterias, in addition to such routine items like calls from pay phones, road and bridge tolls, and videogames.
Citibank has been running a prepaid card test in a Long Island facility. There is the aforementioned Smart Card Enterprise of the Electronic Payment Services company, which wants to piggyback spending money on its network of ATMs.
There is the NetCheque project, a debit-card system, developed by the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California. And there is the Information Networking Institute, part of Carnegie Mellon University, whose NetBill is also based on the debit-card model.
Many transit companies envision fare tickets as coinage to buy newspapers and sundries. The phone companies issue phone cards with similar pretensions.
In Denmark, Danmont has distributed over , cards with money for spending on such things as parking meters and laundromats. Similar systems exist in Portugal and Singapore.
Mondex, a consortium led by two British banks, will roll out its digital-cash system, involving an estimated 40, cardholders, to the public in Swindon, England, next year. Its creators envision the system spreading worldwide, as people slip their smart cards into special phones and wallets to conduct cash-like, tamper-proof transactions, even across borders. "It will become ubiquitous - it's the cheapest way of moving money around," says Dave Birch, spokesperson for the project's consultants, Hyperion. "There's the state of Ohio which has in the works a smart-card system for replacing welfare checks with electric money. At Mankato State University in Mankato, Minnesota, students are issued "MavCards," to be used not just for MCI long-distance calls and dining-hall meal English novelist (–) For the landscape and documentary photographer, see Martin Amis (photographer). Sir Martin Louis AmisFRSL (25 August – 19 May ) was an English novelist, essayist, memoirist, screenwriter and critic. He is best known for his novels Money () and London Fields (). He received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his memoir Experience and was twice listed for the Booker Prize (shortlisted in for Time's Arrow and longlisted in for Yellow Dog). Amis was a professor of creative writing at the University of Manchester's Centre for New Writing from until In , The Times named him one of the 50 greatest British writers since Amis's work centres on the excesses of "late-capitalist" Western society, whose perceived absurdity he often satirised through grotesque caricature. He was portrayed by some literary critics as a master of what The New York Times called "the new unpleasantness". He was inspired by Saul Bellow and Vladimir Nabokov, as well as by his father Kingsley Amis. Amis influenced many British novelists of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, including Will Self and Zadie Smith. A life-long smoker, Amis died from oesophageal cancer at his house in the U.S. state of Florida in The New York Times wrote after his death: "To come of reading age in the last three decades of the 20th century – from the oil embargo through the fall of the Berlin Wall, all the way to 9/11 – was to live, it now seems clear, in the Amis Era." Amis was born on 25 August at Radcliffe Maternity Hospital in Oxford, England. His father, novelist Kingsley Amis, was the son of a mustard manufacturer's clerk from Clapham, London; his mother, Kingston upon Thames-born Hilary ("Hilly") Ann Bardwell, was the daughter of a Ministry of Agriculture civil servant. He had an elder brot A notorious crack kingpin with ties to the hip-hop industry is facing the death penalty after being convicted of ordering the murders of two rivals in After four days of deliberation, a Brooklyn federal jury found that Kenneth Supreme McGriff, 46, paid a hit team $50, to kill a small-time rapper named Eric E. Money Bags Smith and another man, Troy Singleton. The deaths were allegedly payback for hits on McGriffs cronies. The verdict comes two days after a jury sentenced cop-killer Ronell Wilson, 24, to death, making him the first person in more than 50 years to be sentenced to death in a federal case in New York. McGriff casually leaned back in his chair and stroked his goatee as the jury forewoman read the verdict. Dressed in a natty, olive-green, three-piece suit, his glasses low on his nose, the ultra-violent gangbanger smiled and blew kisses at family members seated in the gallery. McGriff, who headed the infamous s drug crew the Supreme Team, grew up on the same southeast Queens streets that produced 50 Cent and Ja Rule. He ran a drug operation that reached from New York to Baltimore and North Carolina. The druglord was acquitted on lesser drug and weapons charges. Jurors will reconvene Tuesday for the penalty phase of the trial, when they will decide whether McGriff should face death by lethal injection or life in prison. Last month, Martin Sassy Aguilar avoided a death sentence when a jury in the same courthouse sentenced him to life in prison for a murder. Federal Judge Frederic Block, presiding over the McGriff case, made news last week after sending a letter to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales requesting the death-penalty portion of McGriffs trial be spiked because he thought it was absurd. Theres just no chance that 12 jurors will vote for the death penalty in this case, and I think its good for us to save money, if we can do that, judicial resources, killing of teenager in Sanford, Florida On the evening of February 26, , in Sanford, Florida, United States, George Zimmerman fatally shot Trayvon Martin, a year-old African-American, who was visiting his father. Zimmerman, a year-old multiracial man who identifies as Hispanic, was a neighborhood watch coordinator for the gated community where Martin was visiting relatives at the time of the shooting. Zimmerman became suspicious of Martin and called police; Martin attacked Zimmerman and then Zimmerman shot him with a pistol he was licensed to carry. In a widely reported trial, Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder for Martin's death, but acquitted by the jury after claiming self-defense, although Martin was unarmed. The incident was reviewed by the Department of Justice for potential civil rights violations, but no additional charges were filed. Main article: Trayvon Martin Trayvon Benjamin Martin was the son of Sybrina Fulton and Tracy Martin, who were divorced in He was a junior at Dr. Michael M. Krop High School and lived with his mother and older brother in Miami Gardens, Florida. On the day he was fatally shot, he and his father were visiting his father's fiancée and her son at her town home in Sanford, Florida. She lived in The Retreat at Twin Lakes, a gated community Martin had visited several times before. According to his autopsy, Martin was 5feet 11inches (m) tall and weighed pounds (72kg) at the time of his death. Main article: George Zimmerman George Michael Zimmerman was born in Manassas, Virginia, and is the son of Gladys (née Mesa) Zimmerman, born in Peru, and Robert Zimmerman Sr., a retired Virginia magistrate. At the time of the shooting Martin Amis
Early life
FACING SUPREME PENALTY
Killing of Trayvon Martin
Parties involved
Trayvon Martin
George Zimmerman