Amna karim biography of christopher
List of biographical films
Louie Henri (older)
Pancho Villa (older, as himself)
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International Network For Natural Sciences INNSpub
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Abstract
Microorganisms including actinomycetes, archaea, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae are an auspicious source of vital bioactive compounds. In this review, the existing research regarding antimicrobial molecules from microorganisms is summarized. The potential antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes, particularly Streptomyces spp.; archaea; fungi including endophytic, filamentous, and marine-derived fungi, mushroom; and microalgae are briefly described. Furthermore, this review briefly summarizes bacteriocins, halocins, sulfolobicin, etc., that target multiple-drug resistant pathogens and considers next-generation antibiotics. This review highlights the possibility of using microorganisms as an antimicrobial resource for biotechnological, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. However, more investigations are required to isolate, separate, purify, and characterize these bioactive compounds and transfer these primary drugs into clinically approved antibiotics.
Keywords: bacteriocins, lipopeptides, halocin, chlorellin, filamentous fungi, microalgae
1. Introduction
For the last few decades, antibiotics have saved millions of lives, but the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in microbial strains, nullifying the effects of antibiotics is an expected consequence of antibiotic abuse. The emergence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains remain one of the major health issues of the 21st century, creating pressure on natural microbiota. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are one of the greatest challenges faced by medical practices as many of them are multidrug-resistant isolates [1]. The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classified the most concerning antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats, cataloguing carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile