Harald hardrada biography of mahatma
Battle of Hastings: Causes, Effects, & Major Facts
It is often erroneously stated that the Battle of Hastings, a conflict which raged about 1000 years ago, took place in Hastings. The actual location of the battle was about almost seven miles away – at a place now called Battle, a town in the district of Rother in East Sussex, England.
There is no doubt that the Battle of Hastings, which took place on October 14, 1066, was a pivotal event in English history. It marked the Norman conquest of England and the end of Anglo-Saxon rule, which had lasted for more than six centuries.
What else do we know about the Battle of Hastings? What were the main causes? And how significant was it to British history?
The Battle of Hastings, fought on October 14, 1066, was a decisive conflict between Harold’s English forces and William the Conqueror’s Norman army. Image: Norman knights and archers at the Battle of Hastings, as depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry
Below, World History Edu presents some key details about the battle:
The battle was the culmination of a complex series of events and conflicts over the English throne. It stemmed from competing claims to the throne of England by several contenders.
The primary contenders were Harold Godwinson, the Anglo-Saxon King of England, and William, Duke of Normandy (commonly known as William the Conqueror). Harold had been crowned king in January 1066 after the death of Edward the Confessor.
EDWARD(US) REX: Edward the Confessor, enthroned, opening scene of the Bayeux Tapestry
William claimed that he had been promised the English throne by Edward the Confessor, and he believed Harold’s coronation was illegitimate.
READ MORE: 10 Things You Should Know About William the Conqueror
The French duke assembled an army and a fleet in Normandy, while Harold had to defend England against another invasion threat from Norway by King Harald Hardrada. After defeating the Norwegians at the Battle of Stamford Bridg When we were in Istanbul in 2014, we were particular keen to see the famous Viking graffiti on a rail of the gallery of the beautiful Aya Sofya basilica. And there indeed it was, carved by Halvden, a 9th Century soldier of the Emperor’s Varangian Guard, an elite force of Viking mercenaries. The name Varangian derives from the Greek via Old Norse væringi or ‘pledge’. This year, we visited York, successively a Roman, Saxon, and Viking city. I have an intense interest in connections, in the valences that link people, times, and places. And in York, there were many. Constantine, the creator of the Byzantine Empire, and founder of Constantinople, was declared emperor here on the death in York of his father. His statue sits (literally) outside York Minster. The Roman brickage we saw in Ephesus, Palmyra, and Jerusalem was replicated here in York, and in the forts of Hadrian’s Wall. And it was exciting to discover another connection to Istanbul, and that long-departed Viking warrior. Viking graffiti in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul My story recalls one the most famous dates in English history, the the Battle of Hastings. But I shall not retell the story of that battle, nor of the battle at Stamford Bridge which preceded it. Rather, I will describe one particular Viking’s adventurous journeying before he met his doom near York in September 1066. Harald Sigurdsson, named Hardrada (“Stern Counsel” or “Hard Ruler”), was born about 1015, and he was the first King to perish in 1066. King of Norway, his appetite grew with the eating, and he made unsuccessful plays for the thrones of Denmark and England. Failing the first, he invaded and raided east of what was then Eoforic (formerly Roman Eboracum, Viking Jorvik, and today, York – and there is an isolated hamlet on the plateau to our west in northern New South Wales called Ebor). His protagonist that day was one Harold Godwinson of Wessex, otherwise known as Har Never declares wars for which he can be branded a warmonger, and likes peaceful civilizations. Heavily dislikes warmongers. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), better known by the honorific Mahatma (meaning "great soul"), was an Indian lawyer and activist. As the ideological leader of the Indian independence movement, he is widely considered the symbolic father of modern India. He leads the Indians in Civilization VI. Gandhi is the ultimate peacekeeping civilization, never declaring war unless he's regaining lost ground. He's growing big cities and hoping no one wants to fight him. Be kind, Gandhi Bapu, and you will find yourself surrounded by true friends. Keep the Indian people safe, guarding them with magnificent elephant warriors. Your faith will guide you to peace and harmony. Keep your mind open, and be the change you want to see in the world. Gandhi's unique agenda is Peacekeeper. He will resist starting or getting involved in wars if he might be branded a warmonger for doing so; he likes other leaders that keep the peace and dislikes warmongers. His leader ability is Satyagraha. For each civilization India has met who has founded a religion and is not at war, India gets a significant boost in Faith. Civilizations fighting wars against India suffer additional Amenities penalties. Gandhi is an early Religion adopter, building Holy Sites, putting Stepwells next to them, and getting strong Faith generation going (which becomes even stronger if he can stay at peace). But he isn't an exclusive Religion player; he'll actually never build Inquisitors, so other Religions can stick around (and reward .Gandhi
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