Prataprao gujar biography of albert

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Shivaji Bhosle (Marathi: शिवाजी भोसले, /ʃiʋaˑɟiˑraˑɟeˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ/) (February 19, 1630 – April 3, 1680), popularly known as Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज, /cʰət̪rəpət̪i ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ məɦaˑraˑɟ/) was a maratha warrior who started the movement for independence from Sultanate of Bijapur and later became the King of Maratha Kingdom. Shivaji Bhosle lead a resistance to free the marathas from the Sultanate of Bijapur and frequently raided and defended themselves from Mughal Empire. He created an independent Maratha Kingdom with Raigad as its capital and thus is also the founder of Maratha Empire. He fought against the Deccan Sultanates and the Mughal Empire to establish an independent Maratha kingdom in 1674 with Raigad as its capital.He became the crowned king 'Chatrapati' of the Maratha Kingdom in 1674. He is today remembered in Maharashtra as a hero and a great King who stood for freedom and for the right of maratha independence. Even after his death his call for freedom and to fight and live like free men was an inspiration to the marathi people which was the main reason for expansion of Maratha Kingdom into a Maratha Empire.

Shivaji's father Shahaji was a Maratha general who rendered military services to the Deccan Sultanates of Ahmadnagar and Bijapur. Shivaji

Decade

The 1670s decade ran from January 1, 1670, to December 31, 1679.

Events

1670

This section is transcluded from 1670. (edit | history)

January–March

• January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France, is burned at the stake after being accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a child who had disappeared from the village of Glatigny. The prosecutor applies to King Louis XIV for an order expelling all 95 Jewish families from Metz, but the king refuses.
• January 27 – The Muslim emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India issues an order for the destruction of all Hindu temples and schools in the empire, including the Keshvadeva Temple in Mathura.
• February 4 – The Battle of Sinhagad takes place in India (in the modern-day Maharashtra state) as the Maratha Empire army, led by Tanaji Malusare, leads an assault on the Kondhana Fortress that had been captured by the Mughal Empire. Tanaji, called "The Lion" by his followers, captures the fortress by guiding the successful scaling of the walls of the fortress with ladders created from rope, but is killed in the battle. The Maratha emperor Shivaji orders the fortress named Sinhagad, the Marathi language words for "Lion's Fort".
• February 9 – Christian V becomes the king of Denmark-Norway upon the death of his father, Frederick III.
• February 27 – The royal wedding in Poland, between King Michal Wisniowiecki (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) and Eleonore of Austria (daughter of the late Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor), with ceremonies taking place at the Denhoff Palace in Kruszyna.
• March 7 – Oliver Plunkett, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh since 1669, is allowed to return to Ireland for the first time in more than 22 years, after a new policy of tolerance of Catholicism is enacted in England. Plunkett had departed for Rome in 1647 during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Executed

Marathas and Kingdoms

The Marathas and other provincial kingdoms dominated India after the failure of the Mughals led by Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The rise in Maratha kingdoms took place majorly in between the 16th to 17th centuries.

The Marathas or Marathi are an Indian ethnic group, predominantly found in the state of Maharashtra. Apart from this, they settled in the regions of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Goa. As a result of regional and linguistic marginalization, the people of Goa and the neighboring Karwar area are known specifically as Konkan Marathas. The language of the Marathas is called Marathi.

It is an Indo-Aryan language. Closely related to Hindi and Bengali. It is spoken by about 70 million inhabitants of the western Indian state of Maharashtra. About 3 million more people speak the language outside Maharashtra. Marathi is the fourth most spoken language among Indian languages.

Marathi, the language of the Marathas, is one of the 22 official languages and 14 regional languages of India. Apart from this, Marathi has also been given the status of official language in Goa state along with Konkani language. This language is prevalent in Maharashtra's daily communication, education, administration, business, media etc.

The Maratha nation arose in India at the end of the Mughal Empire. The founder of this nation was Chhatrapati Shivaji, who is short in stature; But a strong man. This very talented man brought new military techniques. During Shivaji's lifetime, the Marathas conquered much of southern and western India. After his death, the Maratha Empire grew under the leadership of the heroic disciple Baji Rao.

Mughals were finally defeated in 1707. The Maratha great Chhatrapati Shahu, Dhanaji Yadav, Ghorpare and Baji Rao successively brought about 80% of the whole of India under Marathi rule. Their empire stretched from Peshawar in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south. Marathas made Punjab independent in 1756. They invaded Beng

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Sambhaji Maharaj, also pronounced as Shambhuraje and also known as Sambhaji Bhonsle, was the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire. Sambhaji was the eldest Son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaja. He ruled the Maratha Empire from 1681 to 1689, and his reins largely focused on the ensuing battle between the Mughal Empire.

About

He was born at Purandar fort to the Maratha Emperor Shivaji from his first wife Saibai, who passed away when he was two years old. His paternal grandmother, Jijabai, raised him. When he was nine years old, he was dispatched as a political hostage along with Raja Jai Singh I of Amber to ensure strict observance of the Treaty of Purandar that was concluded and declared by Shivaji and Mughals on 11 June 1665.

Due to this treaty, the Sambhaji Maharaj turned into a Mughal Mansabdar. Shivaji and Sambhaji had been in the Mughal court during the reign of Aurangzeb at Agra on 12 May 1666. They were put under house arrest by Aurangzeb, and they successfully escaped from the arrest on 22 July 1666. After some time, reconciliation between both parties was reached among them, and the relationship became cordial over the period.

Aurangzeb did not recognize the Raja title that was conferred on the Shivaji from Mughal Empire. After being nudged by Prince Muazzam, he did recognize the title of Shivaji. Sambhaji Mansabdar's position was restored after being mediated by Prince Muazzam. Sambhaji was given the Mughal Mansabdar rank of 5000 cavalry. Aurangzeb viewed the friendship between Muaz'zam, Shivaji, and Sambhaji with great suspicion. Shivaji has dispatched Sambhaji with Prataprao Gujar to take service under Prince Mu'azzam. Prince Mu'azzzam was the Viceroy in the Mughal Administration, and Diler Khan was his deputy.

Marriage

He entered into a marriage alliance for political purposes with Jivubai. As per the Maratha tradition, she took her name as Yesubai